Each major institutional arena is gendered in its male bias-its failure to value or recognize reproductive work, defining it as “unproductive” or basing effective participation on a capacity to attain freedom from the reproductive sphere… [This bias] is then deeply reinforced-institutionalized through the formation of social networks, or shared understandings and conventions of inclusion or exclusion, justified ideologically, which privilege the participation of a particular social group (Anne Marie Goetz, 1997). Read Full Article
